1. Define civil engineering.
the branch of engineering concerned with the design and construction of such public works as dams or bridges
2. Define architecture.
The art or practice of designing and constructing buildings
3.
Describe the origination of the concept of architecture?
The beginning of the Neolithic period was a start with mud and brick houses. This was the first time that houses were built.
4. In ancient times how were building materials chosen?
They chose material by what the region had to offer as well as what was the easiest.
5. Give two examples of vernacular architecture.
Stone and clay houses in Nepal. Igloos in areas with heavy snow fall.
6. Name and describe the type of system used to create many early buildings.
The early system was using slave labor in order to construct buildings.
7. What was the purpose of the Egyptian pyramids? Mexican pyramids?
The Egyptian pyramids were constructed for the use of tombs. The Mexican pyramids were used as the chief temple of the Aztecs
8.
What kind of construction method was used to build the Parthenon? Made a simple sketch to illustrate.
They started by taking columns and then laying horizontal stones on top of them.
9.
What problem in architecture led to this form of construction?
They hated how the building fell over all the time so they came up with this.
10.
Explain how an arch is created.
Start by stacking equal blocks on each side. Then take curved stones and work the arch until you insert the keystone in the middle.
11. How is the vault used in civil engineering?
The vault is used mostly in long hallways and cellars.
12. Give an example of an arch and dome system.
One example is the Pantheon.
13. Give an example of a modern material we have that was not available to the ancients. How did this restrict construction in ancient times?
Now most buildings have some sort of steel structure whether its the beams or reinforced concrete. Steel allows buildings to take any shape the steel is formed into.
14. What was the purpose of the Roman aqueducts?
To bring water from up in the mountains and flow it down into the city.
15. Compare ancient Greek roads to ancient Roman roads.
The Romans roads were constructed very well with all roads leading towards Rome. Where as the the Greek roads were bad and were not constructed in any order.
16. Describe an ancient Roman bridge.
Most of the bridges had an arch base and were made of concrete. They were the first bridges built to last.
17. How did building materials and methods change after the Romans?
Both the methods and materials slowly progressed until the early 19th century. But nothing close to the Roman's advances.
Conclusion
1. Give an example of a modern pyramid not shown in the presentation. How does its function differ from that of the Egyptian pyramids? What do you think accounts for this difference?
My example is a pyramid in Egypt, but not one of the Great Pyramids. It is a memorial to dead unknown soldiers for the October War of 1973. This pyramid is only a memorial not a burial site. The reason for this is because humans are buried in separate graves and not mass tombs.
2. Give an example of a modern structure that uses an arch and dome system.
Modern Architecture Dome in Kuwait City.
3. What is the main purpose of modern roads? How is the cost of modern roadways defrayed?
People need to travel, goods need transported from place to place, and communication needs to occur. The cost of building is cheap compared to the value of goods that are transported across it and intern that money goes into the economy.
